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How to Get Ukraine Citizenship

The nationality law of Ukraine sets 5 years of residence as the period for ordinary naturalisation. For comparison, 88 of the 177 countries with this route set 5 years or fewer. This page lists the 14 routes the law provides, with legal references and changes since 2024.

Key facts

Based on GLOBALCIT data, not yet verified by our team
Residence for naturalisation
5 years1 change not yet in force and not applied: see the timeline.
Language
Required, no test
Dual citizenship
Not accepted
Civic test
Required, with a test or certificate
Criminal record
A criminal record or good character condition applies
Income condition
Income or economic resources must be shown
Dual citizenship in detail
Not acceptedNew citizens must give up their previous citizenship.Authorities can withdraw citizenship from citizens who naturalise abroad.
Available routes
Region
Europe
Law in force as of
1 January 2024
Last checked
5 November 2026

What changed since 2024

  1. Adopted, not yet in force

    Parliament adopted a law allowing multiple citizenship for certain categories (foreigners and Ukrainians from countries on an approved list); check entry into force.

    Secondary source (law firm or media). Source: politico.eu

The rule text in the sections below was coded for the law on 1 January 2024. The changes in the timeline above are not in force and are not applied.

14 routes in the law of Ukraine.

Naturalisation (residence)

Discretionary

Residence in Ukraine is the basis of this route, together with the other conditions below. Ukraine allows authorities to refuse an application, even where conditions have been met.

Residence
5 years

Person has been resident in Ukraine for 5 years uninterrupted. Permit to immigrate required.

Previous citizenship
New citizens must give up their previous citizenship

Renunciation of citizenship of another country required. No renunciation required if citizenship is lost on the basis of an international agreement. Declaration of renunciation suffices if person is a refugee or performed outstanding services. Declaration of renunciation suffices if person performs military service under a contract in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, is a citizen of an aggressor state or occupying state and has experienced persecution, or is a spouse of such a person.

Language
Required, no test or certificate specified

Language proficiency required.

Civic knowledge
Required, with a test or certificate

Respect for the laws of Ukraine required, exam on the knowledge of the basics of the Constitution of Ukraine and the history of Ukraine required.

Criminal record
A criminal record or good character condition applies

Person may not be convicted for grave crimes.

Income or economic resources
Income or economic resources must be shown

Legal means of subsistence required.

DiscretionaryAuthorities decide whether to grant citizenship and may refuse even if the conditions are met.Nationality law: Art. 9

Marriage or civil partnership

Discretionary

Marriage to a citizen of Ukraine is the basis of this route, together with the conditions below. Ukraine allows authorities to refuse an application, even where conditions have been met.

Person has been married to a citizen for 2 years. Other conditions: see the rules for ordinary naturalisation (except residency requirement).

DiscretionaryAuthorities decide whether to grant citizenship and may refuse even if the conditions are met.Nationality law: Art. 9

Descent (citizen parent)

Automatic

For a person with a parent who is a citizen of Ukraine, the rules below set out how this route works. No authority decides this matter, since citizenship follows directly from the law of Ukraine.

Descent (born in country)

Person is born in Ukraine to a citizen.

AutomaticCitizenship follows from the law. No decision by an authority is needed.Nationality law: Art. 7

Descent (born abroad)

Person is born abroad to a citizen.

AutomaticCitizenship follows from the law. No decision by an authority is needed.Nationality law: Art. 7

Birth in the country

Entitlement

This route concerns people born in Ukraine, and only in the situations described below. Ukraine requires an application, after which citizenship must be granted if conditions are fulfilled.

Person is a minor born in Ukraine after 24 august 1991, and one of his or her legal guardians applies to register the child as a citizen. The requirement of renunciation of foreign citizenship applies for both adults and children falling under these regulations. Person is exempted from renunciation requirement if parent is a refugee, is undergoing military service in the armed forces of Ukraine, holds a residence permit ex Art. 4(20) Law on the Legal Status of Foreigners and Stateless Persons (i.e. military personnel), he/she is exempted from renunciation requirement, or if the person or their spouse was persecuted by an aggressor state.Consent is required if child is over 14.

EntitlementAn application is required. If the legal conditions are met, citizenship must be granted.Nationality law: Art. 8, 16

Child of a new citizen

Entitlement

This route covers children of a person who becomes a citizen of Ukraine, subject to the conditions below. Ukraine requires an application, after which citizenship must be granted if conditions are fulfilled.

Person is a minor and one of his or her parents is a citizen and applies for the child to acquire citizenship. Consent is required if child is over 14.

EntitlementAn application is required. If the legal conditions are met, citizenship must be granted.Nationality law: Art. 14, 16

Adoption

Entitlement

For people adopted by citizens of Ukraine, the rules below set out what applies. Ukraine requires an application, after which citizenship must be granted if conditions are fulfilled.

Person is a minor and at least one of the adopters is a citizen (citizenship is acquired when the court's decision about adoption comes into force and an application for citizenship is made). Or person is an adult and stateless, and at least one of the adopters is a citizen (citizenship is acquired when the court's decision about adoption comes into force and an application for citizenship is made). Consent is required if child is over 14.

EntitlementAn application is required. If the legal conditions are met, citizenship must be granted.Nationality law: Art. 11, 16

Other family members of citizens

Discretionary

This route covers certain family members not covered by the marriage or descent routes in Ukraine. Ukraine allows authorities to refuse an application, even where conditions have been met.

Person was married to a citizen for at least 2 years, and the marriage ended due to death of the spouse. Other conditions: see the rules for ordinary naturalisation (except residency requirement).

DiscretionaryAuthorities decide whether to grant citizenship and may refuse even if the conditions are met.Nationality law: Art. 9

Former citizens (reacquisition)

Entitlement

This route covers people who previously held citizenship of Ukraine, subject to the conditions below. Ukraine requires an application, after which citizenship must be granted if conditions are fulfilled.

Person is a former citizen, returns to settle in Ukraine, renounces his or her other citizenship(s), and has not committed any grave crimes. If the person did not acquire a foreign citizenship after having lost Ukrainian citizenship, citizenship is reacquired upon application regardless of whether the person resides in Ukraine, under the condition of not having committed any grave crimes. Citizenship cannot be reacquired if it was lost due to acquisition by fraud or non-renuncation or if one of the grounds for refusal of naturalisation ex Art. 9 part 5 of the Citizenship Law applies. No renunciation required if citizenship is lost on the basis of an international agreement. Declaration of renunciation suffices if person recognized as refugee, performs military service under a contract in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the State Special Transport Service or the National Guard of Ukraine, or if person is a citizenship of an aggressor state or occupying state and experienced persecution.

EntitlementAn application is required. If the legal conditions are met, citizenship must be granted.Nationality law: Art. 10

Ethnic or cultural affinity

Entitlement

This route covers people with an ethnic or cultural link to Ukraine, subject to the conditions below. Ukraine requires an application, after which citizenship must be granted if conditions are fulfilled.

One of the person's parents, grandparents, great-grandparents, (half-)siblings, children or grandchildren were born or permanently resided before 24 August 1991 on the territory of what became Ukraine or on a number of other specified, historically significant territories. Such a person can be registered as a citizen upon request, if he or she is stateless or renounces any other foreign citizenship. The person's children will also be eligible for Ukrainian citizenship via this provision. No renunciation required if citizenship is lost on the basis of an international agreement. Person is exempted from renunciation requirement if he/she is a refugee, is undergoing military service in the armed forces of Ukraine, holds a residence permit ex Art. 4(20) Law on the Legal Status of Foreigners and Stateless Persons (i.e. military personnel), he/she is exempted from renunciation requirement, or if the person or their spouse was persecuted by an aggressor state. Citizenship cannot be reacquired if it was lost due to acquisition by fraud or non-renuncation or if one of the grounds for refusal of naturalisation ex Art. 9 part 5 of the Citizenship Law applies.

EntitlementAn application is required. If the legal conditions are met, citizenship must be granted.Nationality law: Art. 8

Residence during childhood

Discretionary

Residence in Ukraine as a child is the basis of this route. Ukraine allows authorities to refuse an application, even where conditions have been met.

Person is a minor who resides in Ukraine, and one of his or her legal guardians resides legally in Ukraine and applies for the child to acquire citizenship. the rules for ordinary naturalisation conditions do not apply, except renunciation of citizenship of another country. Consent is required if child is over 14.

DiscretionaryAuthorities decide whether to grant citizenship and may refuse even if the conditions are met.Nationality law: Art. 9, 16

Refugees

Discretionary

This route covers people recognised as refugees in Ukraine, subject to the conditions below. Ukraine allows authorities to refuse an application, even where conditions have been met.

Person is a recognised refugee in Ukraine, has lived there for 3 years from the moment of receiving refugee status. Other conditions: see the rules for ordinary naturalisation (except residency requirement, means of subsistence and the requirement to have been permitted to immigrate to Ukraine). Instead of renouncing their foreign citizenship by contacting their governments, refugees are required to declare to the Ukrainian authorities that they renounce their other citizenship.

DiscretionaryAuthorities decide whether to grant citizenship and may refuse even if the conditions are met.Nationality law: Art. 9

Stateless persons

AutomaticDiscretionary

Statelessness, or the risk of it, is the basis of this route in Ukraine.

Foundlings

Person is a newborn infant found in Ukraine of unknown parentage.

AutomaticCitizenship follows from the law. No decision by an authority is needed.Nationality law: Art. 7

Otherwise stateless (born in country)

Person is born to foreigners who legally reside in Ukraine, and person does not receive the citizenship of his or her parents by birth. Or person is born in Ukraine to stateless persons who reside legally in Ukraine (no need to prove that no other citizenship was acquired by birth). Or person is born to parents at least one of whom is a recognised refugee, and did not acquire any citizenship by birth, or acquired only the citizenship of the parent who is a refugee.

AutomaticCitizenship follows from the law. No decision by an authority is needed.Nationality law: Art. 7, 8

Stateless persons

Person has entered Ukraine as a stateless person, has lived there for 3 years, and declares not to have a foreign citizenship. Other conditions: see the rules for ordinary naturalisation (except residence requirement and renunciation of citizenship of another country).

DiscretionaryAuthorities decide whether to grant citizenship and may refuse even if the conditions are met.Nationality law: Art. 9

Special achievements

Discretionary

For people whose achievements or contributions are recognised by Ukraine, the rules below set out what applies. Ukraine allows authorities to refuse an application, even where conditions have been met.

Person has special merits to Ukraine or his/her naturalisation is in the state interests of the country. Other conditions: respect for the laws of Ukraine and renunciation of foreign citizenship.

DiscretionaryAuthorities decide whether to grant citizenship and may refuse even if the conditions are met.Nationality law: Art. 9

Person is in the Ukrainian Armed Forces and was granted a state award. Other conditions: see the rules for ordinary naturalisation (except no residence requirement, immigration permit not required, no language requirement, no means of subsistence required, and proof of absence of another citizenship not required).

DiscretionaryAuthorities decide whether to grant citizenship and may refuse even if the conditions are met.Nationality law: Art. 9

Public or military service

Discretionary

This route covers people who have served Ukraine in a public or military role, subject to the conditions below. Ukraine allows authorities to refuse an application, even where conditions have been met.

Person is in the Ukrainian Armed Forces or in the State Special Transport Service or the National Guard of Ukraine holds a residence permit ex Art. 4(20) Law on the Legal Status of Foreigners and Stateless Persons (i.e. military personnel). Other conditions: see the rules for ordinary naturalisation (except residence requirement reduced to 3 years, immigration permit not required, no means of subsistence required, and proof of absence of another citizenship not required).

DiscretionaryAuthorities decide whether to grant citizenship and may refuse even if the conditions are met.Nationality law: Art. 9

Not available in Ukraine: Citizens of specific countries, Very long residence, Investment. Coded by GLOBALCIT for 1 January 2024 and updated with in-force changes.

Dual citizenship

As a general rule, the law of Ukraine does not allow a second citizenship in either direction.

Adopted, not yet in force, 18 June 2025: Parliament adopted a law allowing multiple citizenship for certain categories (foreigners and Ukrainians from countries on an approved list); check entry into force.

New citizens
New citizens must give up their previous citizenship
Citizens who naturalise abroad
Authorities can withdraw citizenship from citizens who naturalise abroad

Person has voluntarily acquired foreign citizenship after the age of 18. Loss cannot result in statelessness. Persons living in the temporarily occupied territories (Crimea) and who automatically acquired the citizenship of the Russian Federation do not lose Ukrainian citizenship.

Compare with neighbours

Under the law of Ukraine, 5 years applies, in line with the usual requirement across Eastern Europe.

Countries in Eastern Europe with the closest residence requirement
CountryResidenceLanguageDual citizenship
Belarus5 yearsRequired, no testCitizens abroad only
Bulgaria5 yearsRequired, no testCitizens abroad only
Czechia5 yearsRequired, no testAccepted
Hungary8 yearsAssimilation onlyAccepted
Poland3 yearsTest or certificateAccepted
Russia5 yearsTest or certificateAccepted

Official sources

This page was located by search and has not yet been checked by our team.

Naturalisation provisions: Nationality law: Art. 9.

Cite this page

APA citation
TravelDecl. (2026, November 5). How to Get Ukraine Citizenship. https://traveldecl.com/citizenship/ukraine/
HTML link
<a href="https://traveldecl.com/citizenship/ukraine/">How to Get Ukraine Citizenship</a> (TravelDecl, last checked 5 November 2026)

Sources and licence

Vink, van der Baaren, Bauböck, Džankić, Honohan, Manby (2025). GLOBALCIT Citizenship Law Dataset v3.1. Global Citizenship Observatory, https://hdl.handle.net/1814/73190. CC BY 4.0. Modified by TravelDecl.

Modified by TravelDecl: updated with changes after 1 January 2024.

GLOBALCIT codes the law as written. Fees, processing times, quotas and how officials apply the rules in practice are not in this dataset: check them with the official authority.

FAQ

How many years to become a Ukrainian citizen?

The residence period for ordinary naturalisation in Ukraine is 5 years. Other legal conditions also apply.

Does Ukraine allow dual citizenship?

Not as a general rule. The data codes dual citizenship as not accepted in Ukraine. A change that is not yet in force may affect this: see the timeline above.

Do I need a language test for Ukrainian citizenship?

The law of Ukraine mentions a language requirement without pointing to a specific exam.

Is there a civic knowledge test for Ukrainian citizenship?

Applicants must pass a civic knowledge test or present a certificate for Ukrainian citizenship.

Do I have to give up my current citizenship to get Ukrainian citizenship?

The law of Ukraine requires renunciation of your current citizenship. A change that is not yet in force may affect this: see the timeline above.

Can I get Ukraine citizenship by marriage?

Yes, Ukraine provides a marriage route. Procedure: discretionary.

Can I get Ukraine citizenship by descent?

Yes, the law of Ukraine provides citizenship by descent from a citizen parent. Procedure: automatic.

Can I get Ukraine citizenship by investment?

The data shows no investment route for Ukraine.

Also see: Ukraine passport, visa-free access and entry rules. Latest law changes.

Sarah Kim

Corrections to this page are handled by Sarah Kim, Fact-Checker.